top of page

Game #4000

Aston Villa

Aston Villa.jpg

Saturday, 9 January 1988

3rd Round

๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸฉ ๐ŸŸฉ ๐ŸŸฉ

GK Nigel Spink | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
RB Kevin Gage | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
CB Allan Evans | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | ๐ŸŸจ |
CB Martin Keown | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
LB Bernie Gallacher | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
M Mark Lillis | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
M Warren Aspinall | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
M Paul Birch | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | ๐ŸŸจ |
M Andy A Gray | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | โšฝ |
CF Garry Thompson | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | ๐Ÿ”ฅ |
CF Alan McInally | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | โšฝ |

Graham Taylor | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | 1987-1990
Aston Villa.jpg
Substitutes

No Substitutions Made

Unused Substitutes

M David Norton | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
F Gary Shaw | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |

Yellow Cards (Warnings, Cautions, Bookings)

๐ŸŸจ Allan Evans (50)
โญ Club Record

๐ŸŸจ Paul Birch (5)

Red Cards (Ordered from Field of Play, Dismissals, Sendings Off)

None

Trophy Record

European Cup / Champions League: ๐Ÿ†
League Champions: ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†
FA Cup Winners: ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†
League Cup Winners: ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†
Last Trophy: 1981-82

Matchday Squad

Unavailable

Not recorded

Team News

Graham Taylor names an unchanged line up.

Team Stats

Starting XI Average Age
| 25.21 |

Oldest Player |
CB Allan Evans | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | 31.26 |

Youngest Player |
M Warren Aspinall | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | 20.34 |

Debut Appearances

None

Final Appearances

None

On This Day
  • Graham Taylor's ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Villa beat Leeds in the FA Cup to leave them unbeaten in nine with ๐ŸŸฉ six wins in all competitions.

  • Villa ๐ŸŸฉ win for the twelfth time away from home this season as they survive a bizarre refereeing decision to allow Leeds a goal despite the scorer elbowing Nigel Spink ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ.

  • Centre back Martin Keown ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ makes his ๐Ÿ•’ 75th appearance in a Villa shirt (74 Starts).

Starting XI
GK Nigel Spink | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

208

โœ…

207*

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

0

1

๐ŸŸฉ

76

๐ŸŸจ

60

๐ŸŸฅ

72

โ›”

57

๐Ÿฅ…

284

RB Kevin Gage | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

34

โœ…

34

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

2

8

๐ŸŸฉ

18

๐ŸŸจ

10

๐ŸŸฅ

6

CB Allan Evans | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

425

โœ…

417

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

60

14

๐ŸŸฉ

171

๐ŸŸจ

111

๐ŸŸฅ

143

CB Martin Keown | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

75

โœ…

74

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

2

2

๐ŸŸฉ

26

๐ŸŸจ

23

๐ŸŸฅ

26

LB Bernie Gallacher | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

35

โœ…

35

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

0

2

๐ŸŸฉ

18

๐ŸŸจ

10

๐ŸŸฅ

7

M Mark Lillis | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

27

โœ…

27

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

3

1

๐ŸŸฉ

16

๐ŸŸจ

7

๐ŸŸฅ

4

M Warren Aspinall | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

44

โœ…

41

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

15

4

๐ŸŸฉ

18

๐ŸŸจ

14

๐ŸŸฅ

12

M Paul Birch | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

161

โœ…

152

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

19

19

๐ŸŸฉ

59

๐ŸŸจ

43

๐ŸŸฅ

59

M Andy A Gray | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

6

โœ…

6

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

2

0

๐ŸŸฉ

5

๐ŸŸจ

1

๐ŸŸฅ

0

CF Garry Thompson | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

49

โœ…

48

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

14

7

๐ŸŸฉ

15

๐ŸŸจ

15

๐ŸŸฅ

19

CF Alan McInally | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
๐Ÿ•’

20

โœ…

17

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

5

4

๐ŸŸฉ

11

๐ŸŸจ

6

๐ŸŸฅ

3

Substitutes
None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

GK Sub

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

โ›”

๐Ÿฅ…

None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

Sub 1

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

Sub 2

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

Sub 3

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

Sub 4

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

None
๐Ÿ•’

๐Ÿ”

โšฝ
๐Ÿ”ฅ

Sub 5

๐ŸŸฉ

๐ŸŸจ

๐ŸŸฅ

Aston Villa.jpg

Won

2-1

๐ŸŸฉ 9 Jan 1988, Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road
Scorer(s) | Alan McInally | 37' | Andy A Gray | 59' |

Assist(s) | Garry Thompson | 37' |

Match Timeline

โšฝ | 37โ€™ Goal, 1-0, Alan McInally, Assist by Garry Thompson
๐Ÿ•’ | HT Leeds United 0-1 Aston Villa
โšฝ | 59โ€™ Goal, 2-0, Andy Gray
๐Ÿฅ… | 74โ€™ Goal, 2-1, (Leeds United), Bobby Davison
๐Ÿ•’ | FT Leeds United 1-2 Aston Villa

๐ŸŸจ | Booking, Allan Evans
๐ŸŸจ | Booking, Paul Birch

Season | 1987-88 |
Matchday | #34 |
Manager Game | #34 |
Saturday, 9 January 1988

Aston Villa.jpg
Match Record
Game Record

Manager: Graham Taylor | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | Worksop, 1987-1990
Referee: Ray Lewis | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | Surrey, 1978-1992
HT Score: ๐ŸŸฉ 1-0
FT Result: ๐ŸŸฉ Won
FT Score: ๐ŸŸฉ 2-1
Last 5: ๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸฉ ๐ŸŸฉ ๐ŸŸฉ

Officials

Referee: Ray Lewis | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | Surrey, 1978-1992

Previous 5 vs. Leeds: ๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸจ ๐ŸŸฅ ๐ŸŸฉ ๐ŸŸฉ

Aston Villa.jpg
Head to Head

Total ๐Ÿ•’ 60 | ๐ŸŸฉ W26 (43% ) | ๐ŸŸจ D16 | ๐Ÿ‡บ(70% ) | ๐ŸŸฅ L18 (30% ) | โšฝ 94 | ๐Ÿฅ… 86 | GD 8

Match Stats

Not recorded

Graham Taylor | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | 1987-1990

๐Ÿ•’ 34 | ๐ŸŸฉ | 18 ๐ŸŸจ | 10 ๐ŸŸฅ 6 | 1.88

Villa Career Form:

Top 4

What they Said

FA Cup

Leeds United

Aston Villa.jpg

Elland Road

Attendance: 29,002

GK Mervyn Day (ex) | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
LB Glynn Snodin | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
LB Micky Adams | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | ๐ŸŸจ |
CB Neil Aspin | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | ๐ŸŸจ |
CB Jack Ashurst | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
CB Peter Haddock | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
RB Gary Williams (ex) | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |
M David Batty | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | ๐ŸŸจ |
M John Sheridan | ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ช |
F Bobby Davison | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | โšฝ | ๐ŸŸจ |
CF Bob Taylor | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |

Billy Bremner | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
Aston Villa.jpg
Substitutes

No Substitutions Made

Unused Substitutes

CF Jim Melrose | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ |
CF Peter Mumby | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ |

Yellow Cards (Warnings, Cautions, Bookings)

None

Red Cards (Ordered from Field of Play, Dismissals, Sendings Off)

None

Opposition Trophy Record

European Cup / Champions League: โŒ
League Champions: ๐Ÿ†๐Ÿ†
FA Cup Winners: ๐Ÿ†
League Cup Winners: ๐Ÿ†
Last Trophy: 1973โ€“74

Opposition Matchday Squad

Opposition Unavailable

Not Recorded

League Table
๐ŸŸฉ 12 Apr 2025, Villa 3-0 Southampton, St Mary's TBL.png
1987-88
Playing Squad
GK Nigel Spink | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #611 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CB Allan Evans | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | #594 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CB Martin Keown | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #638 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CB Neale Cooper | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | #639 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CB Steve Sims | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #647 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
LB Bernie Gallacher | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | #643 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
RB Kevin Gage | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #645 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Andy A Gray | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #651 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Andy Blair | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | #616 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M David Hunt | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #646 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M David Norton | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #630 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M David Platt | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #653 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Gareth Williams | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #654 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Mark Burke | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #642 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Mark Lillis | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #649 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Paul Birch | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #619 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Stuart Gray | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #652 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
M Warren Aspinall | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #640 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
W Mark Walters | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #618 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
W Steve Hunt | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #576 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
W Tony Daley | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #633 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CF Alan McInally | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ณ๓ ฃ๓ ด๓ ฟ | #650 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CF Garry Thompson | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #637 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
F Gary Shaw | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #596 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
F Malcolm Allen | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ท๓ ฌ๓ ณ๓ ฟ | #648 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
CF Simon Stainrod | ๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ | #635 |
๐ŸŸฉ 23 Nov 2025 Villa 2-1 Leeds, Elland Road IG2.jpg
Aston Villa.jpg
Match Media
Matchday Programme
Match Highlights
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube
HNH.png
Peace, Love & Up The Villa โ˜ฎ๏ธ โœŒ๏ธ๐Ÿ’œ๐Ÿ’™

Trophiesโ€จ

๐Ÿ† European Cup Winners: (1) 1981-82โ€จ
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† League Champions: (7) 1893-94, 1895-96, 1896-97, 1898-99, 1899-00, 1909-10, 1980-81
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ†  FA Cup Winners: (7) 1886-87, 1894-95, 1896-97, 1904-05, 1912-13, 1919-20, 1956-57
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† League Cup Winners: (5) 1960-61, 1974-75, 1976-77, 1993-94, 1995-96โ€จ
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† Second Division Champions: (2) 1937-38, 1959-60โ€จ
๐Ÿ† Third Division Champions: (1) 1971-72โ€จ
๐Ÿ† European Super Cup Winners: (1) 1982-83โ€จ
๐Ÿ† Intertoto Cup Winners: (1) 2001-02โ€จ
๐Ÿ† Peace Cup Winners: (1) 2009 (Friendly)โ€จ
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† FA Youth Cup Winners: (5) 1971-72, 1979-80, 2001-02, 2020-21, 2024-25
๐Ÿ† NextGen Series Winners: (1) 2012-13
๐Ÿ† Premier League Cup Winners: (1) 2017-18
๐Ÿ† u18s Premier League Champions (3): 2024-25, 2007-08, 2003-04
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† Birmingham Senior Cup Winners: (20) 1879-80, 1881-82, 1882-83, 1883-84, 1884-85, 1887-88, 1888-90, 1889-90, 1890-91, 1895-96, 1898-99, 1902-03, 1903-04, 1905-06, 1907-08, 1908-09, 1909-10, 1911-12, 1984-85, 2023-24
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† Premier Reserve League Champions: (5) 2003-04, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2011-12
๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ† Central League Champions: (3) 1929-30, 1963-64, 1992-93

Contributions

 

We're always keen to receive contributions... whether it's an amendment, a personal recollection or even a physical reminder of Villa's past such as a matchday programme then please do get in touch.

  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube

Copywrite Notice

You may reproduce material published on this site, provided you acknowledge AVFC History as the source and provide a link to this site.

We reserve the right to refuse permission for applications we consider unsuitable.

Please include the following statement wherever content from this site is used:

Source: AVFC History. Reproduced by kind permission.

bottom of page